PENGGUNAAN MASKER DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN COVID-19: RASIONALITAS, EFEKTIVITAS, DAN ISU TERKINI
Joko Tri Atmojo(1*)
Sri Iswahyuni(2)
Rejo Rejo(3)
Catur Setyorini(4)
Kiki Puspitasary(5)
Heni Ernawati(6)
Ahmad Rois Syujak(7)
Purwanto Nugroho(8)
Ndaru Sukma Putra(9)
Nurrochim Nurrochim(10)
Wahyudi Wahyudi(11)
Nanang Setyawan(12)
Rinandita Febri Susanti(13)
Suwarto Suwarto(14)
Muhammad Haidar(15)
Wahyudi Wahyudi(16)
Arif Iswahyudi(17)
Muhammad Tofan(18)
Wahyu Adi Bintoro(19)
Anggie Pradana Putri(20)
Saras Kuntari(21)
Rina Tri Handayani(22)
Aquartuti Tri Darmayanti(23)
Aris Widiyanto(24)
Ahmad Syauki Mubarok(25) (1) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(2) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(3) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(4) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(5) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(6) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(7) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(8) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(9) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(10) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(11) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(12) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(13) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(14) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(15) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(16) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(17) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(18) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(19) Satgas Covid-19 STIKES Mamba ul Ulum Surakarta,
(20) National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences,
(21) Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Klaten,
(22) Himpunan Alumni Magister Psikologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta,
(23) Ikatan Alumni Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
(24) Ikatan Alumni Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
(25) Ikatan Alumni Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
adanya proses mutasi dari virus SARS-CoV menjadi sangat infeksius, pasien
dalam masa inkubasi dan asimptomatis dapat menyebarkan virus. Penggunaan
masker menjadi kebijakan yang telah diterapkan hampir diseluruh dunia
(universal masking), salah satunya masker kain untuk masyarakat umum.
Tujuan: Ketidakpastian seputar efektivitas dan dampak masker kain buatan
sendiri pada transmisi Covid-19, maka tim penulis akan memberikan tinjauan
terkait efektivitas penggunaan berbagai jenis masker.
Metode: Proses tinjauan dilakukan dengan mencari berbagai artikel melalui basis
data sejak Juli – Agustus 2020. Pencarian diperoleh dari berbagai basis data
seperti: PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang
publikasi artikel antara tahun 2010-2020. Tidak ada upaya dari penulis untuk
mencari secara spesifik artikel-artikel tidak terpublikasi. Kata kunci yang
digunakan adalah “mask and COVID-19 DAN “utility and mask and COVID-19”
DAN “effectiveness.
Hasil: Masker N95 dan masker bedah memiliki efektifitas di atas 90%. Jenis
masker kain yang dianjurkan adalah masker kain 3 lapis (lapisan dalam dari bahan
penyerap seperti kapas, lapisan tengah dari bahan bukan tenunan seperti
polypropylene, dan lapisan luar dari bahan non-penyerap, seperti campuran
poliester atau poliester). Penggunaan masker pada anak-anak harus dibawah
pengawasan, berbagai studi melaporkan adanya potensi gangguan pernafasan pada
anak bila menggunakan masker.
Simpulan: Penggunaan masker kain harus memperhatikan manfaat, masker kain
1 lapis seperti scuba dan buff sangat tidak dianjurkan, guna mendapatkan
perlindungan maksimal selama pandemi penggunaan masker harus diikuti
protokol kesehatan lain seperti menjaga jarak dan rajin mencuci tangan . Untuk
anak-anak penggunaan masker dapat digantian face shield dalam upaya mencegah
gangguan pernafasan, kondisi tertentu penggunaan masker pada anak dapat
dilakukan dalam pengawasan orang dewasa.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36419/avicenna.v3i2.420
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