DAMPAK PREHABILITASI PADA PASIEN PRAOPERASI
Rejo Rejo(1*)
Dewi Arradini(2)
Aquartuti Tri Darmayanti(3)
Aris Widiyanto(4)
Joko Tri Atmojo(5) (1) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mamba’ul ‘Ulum Surakarta,
(2) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Husada Karanganyar,
(3) Ikatan Mahasiswa dan Alumni Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
(4) Ikatan Mahasiswa dan Alumni Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
(5) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mamba’ul ‘Ulum Surakarta,
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
memungkinkan pasien mengoptimalkan aktivitas fisik praoperasi dan memerangi
kemungkinan penurunan fungsional. Namun, bukti efektivitas prehabilitasi masih
tidak konsisten.
Tujuan: Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk merangkum dan mengkritisi
dampak dari prehabilitasi berdasarkan studi randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Metode: Artikel dicari melalui basis data sejak Juli – Agustus 2020 . Pencarian
diperoleh dari berbagai basis data seperti: PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, dan
Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi artikel tahun 2010-2020. Kata kunci
yang digunakan adalah “prehabilitation and Randomizzed controlled trial (RCT)”
ATAU “impact of prehabilitation and surgery patient”, ATAU “ prehabilitasi dan
RCT dan pasien bedah” . Kriteria inklusi: artikel yang terpublikasi menggunakan
bahasa Inggris atau Indonesia. Subyek merupakan pasien yang melakukan operasi
dengan pembiusan parsial atau total dan berusia diatas 18 tahun. Tindakan yang
diberikan adalah prehabilitasi dengan berbagai teknik. Artikel dengan desain
randomizzed controlled trial (RCT).
Hasil: Sebanyak 20 artikel memenuhi syarat kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian
yang telah terpublikasikan sebanyak 11 artikel menyatakan bahwa prehabilitasi
dapat memberikan efek yang positif terhadap pasien pascaoperasi, yang
dibuktikan dengan berbagai indikator diantaranya: penurunan risiko komplikasi,
peningkatan kapasistas organ vital, serta waktu pemulihan yang lebih cepat.
Latihan fisik tetap menjadi bentuk yang paling mudah karena tidak harus
direhabilitasi oleh dokter spesialis dan dapat dilakukan kapan saja. Program
rehabilitasi yang sukses, tidak hanya berfokus pada fisik melainkan psikologis.
Simpulan: Prehabilitasi cenderung memberi efek positif pada pasien
pascaoperasi, meskipun tidak ada penelitian yang mengevaluasi hasil jangka
panjang. Tinjauan sistematis ini masih dibatasi oleh heterogenitas studi berkenaan
dengan jenis pembedahan, cara rehabilitasi, dan berbagai bias yang sudah
dilaporkan sebelumnya sehingga masih ada peluang untuk penelitian terkait
standardisasi atau konsensus lebih lanjut terkait prehabilitasi untuk menetapkan
pedoman.
Keywords
Full Text:
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36419/avicenna.v3i2.419
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