Eksplorasi Faktor Penyebab Keterlambatan Berbicara pada anak usia dini: Sistematik Literatur Review

Mail Russiska Russiska(1*)
Mail Irwan Budiono(2)
Mail Evi Widowati(3)


(1) Universitas Negeri Semarang Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat Jl. Kelud Utara III No. 15 Petompon Kecamatan Gajahmungkur, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50237, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Negeri Semarang Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat Jl. Kelud Utara III No. 15 Petompon Kecamatan Gajahmungkur, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50237, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Negeri Semarang Departemen Kesehatan Masyarakat Jl. Kelud Utara III No. 15 Petompon Kecamatan Gajahmungkur, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50237, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Latar Belakang: Keterlambatan berbicara pada anak usia dini adalah satu masalah perkembangan yang sering menjadi perhatian orang tua. Proses perkembangan bicara anak awal kehidupan sangat penting bagi perkembangan bahasa mereka, berbagai penelitian penting untuk memahami faktor penyebabnya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif literatur yang membahas faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan keterlambatan bicara pada anak usia dini. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap studi empiris dan teoritis yang membahas faktor penyebab keterlambatan bicara pada anak usia dini. Pencarian dilakukan melalui lima basis data utama (SpringerLink, SAGE, ICE, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect) dengan kata kunci “Speech delay” OR “Language development disorders”; “In early childhood” OR “children” OR “toddlers”; “Factors of speech delay” OR “Causes”. Artikel yang dipilih merupakan publikasi 10 tahun terakhir (2013–2023), dengan fokus eksplisit pada faktor penyebab keterlambatan bicara dan metode penelitian yang jelas. Seleksi artikel mengikuti panduan PRISMA, menghasilkan enam artikel yang layak untuk sintesis kualitatif.. Hasil: Hanya 6 dari 170 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dikaji faktor utama yang menyebabkan keterlambatan bicara dan bahasa pada anak yaitu peran orang tua dalam memberikan stimulus pada anak. Kesimpulan: Perkembangan bicara dan bahasa anak usia dini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk kondisi medis, lingkungan keluarga, dan paparan gedget. Deteksi dini dan intervensi yang tepat sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuan komunikasi anak, dengan melibatkan peran aktif orangtua, pendidik dan tenaga kesehatan.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36419/jki.v16i2.1473

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